IP geolocation

The three levels are not equally reliable, and treating them as if they were is the most common way to misread a dashboard. Country is dependable, because registries allocate address blocks by country. Region is usually right. City is a guess.

City is wrong in a specific direction: it tends to report where the network terminates rather than where the person is. Mobile traffic shows this most clearly, because a phone in a small town often resolves to whichever city the carrier routes through, so a city breakdown for a mobile-heavy audience quietly over-counts a few large ones.

VPNs, satellite connections and corporate proxies all resolve somewhere other than the visitor.